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Muzikos mokytojų grojimo įvairiais muzikos instrumentais raiška bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje

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Temos aktualumas. Muzikos mokytojo gebėjimas valdyti keletą muzikos instrumentų atveria daug platesnes galimybes pedagoginėje praktikoje (Aleknavičius, Urniežius, 2020). Šiuolaikinė muzikos pamoka – įvairi ir daugiamatė, ji apima daugybę veiklos rūšių: muzikavimą (dainavimą, grojimą pasirinktais mokykliniais instrumentais, ansamblinį muzikavimą), ritmavimą ir solfedžiavimą, muzikos teorijos ir muzikos istorijos elementus, muzikinę kūrybą (improvizavimą, komponavimą, aranžavimą). Tačiau tyrimų, analizuojančių pačių muzikos mokytojų grojimo įvairiais muzikos instrumentais ypatumus kol kas nėra daug. Tyrimo problema nusakoma šiais klausimais: 1. Kokia mokytojų instrumentinio muzikavimo realybė (situacija) mokykloje? 
2. Kaip pasireiškia muzikos mokytojų muzikavimas įvairiais instrumentais bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje? Tyrimo objektas: muzikos mokytojų grojimo įvairiais muzikos instrumentais raiška bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti muzikos mokytojų grojimo įvairiais muzikos instrumentais raišką bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti nstrumentinio muzikavimo teorinius pagrindus. 2. Išanalizuoti muzikos mokytojų grojimo įvairiais muzikos instrumentais patirtį, nustatant stipriąsias ir silpnąsias instrumentinio muzikavimo sritis bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros, švietimo dokumentų, studijų programų analizė; rašytinės refleksijos metodas; refleksijų turinio (kontentinė) analizė.
Tyrimo dalyviai: 17 muzikos mokytojų, dirbančių įvairiose Lietuvos mokyklose. Išvados: 1. Muzikos mokytojų kompetencijų tobulinimas, kuriant kokybišką švietimo sistemą, yra nepaprastai svarbus. Muzikos dalyko paskirtis bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje skatina sukurti sąlygas ir galimybes mokiniams patirti muzikavimo džiaugsmą per įvairias muzikines veiklas. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize galima teigti, kad mokytojas, gebantis groti įvairiais muzikos instrumentais sudaro galimybes plėtoti įvairiapusiškesnę mokinių muzikinę veiklą. 2. Analizuojant tyrimo duomenis išryškėjo muzikos mokytojų grojimo įvairiais instrumentais raiškos tendencijos. Jos patvirtino pasirinktos temos aktualumą kaip galimybę išsamiau analizuoti mokytojų instrumentinio muzikavimo patirtį, nustatant stipriąsias ir silpnąsias tokio muzikavimo sritis bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje. Tyrimas parodė, kad: Vyrauja teigiamos mokytojų vertinimo grojimo įvairiais instrumentais tendencijos. Daugumoje šiuolaikinių mokyklų yra pakankamai muzikos instrumentų, kuriais mokomi groti mokiniai, organizuojami instrumentiniai ansambliai muzikos pamokų ir užklasinių veiklų metu. •	Tačiau iškyla sunkumų dėl per didelio mokinių skaičiaus klasėse, mokinių iniciatyvos, motyvacijos stokos. Mokytojai pripažino nepakankamai įgiję grojimo įvairiais instrumentais, natų skaitymo, užrašymo žinių ir dalykinės patirties aukštojoje mokykloje. Antra vertus, siekiant objektyvesnių duomenų apie būsimų muzikos mokytojų instrumentinį rengimą, būtina išsamesnė temos analizė.

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Relevance of the topic. The ability of a music teacher to play several musical instruments opens up a much wider range of possibilities in pedagogical practice (Aleknavičius & Urniežius, 2020). Today's music lessons are versatile and multidimensional, embracing numerous activities such as music performance (singing, playing selected school instruments, ensemble music), rhythm and solfege, elements of music theory and history, and musical creation (improvisation, composition, arrangement). However, there is still limited research that focus on the peculiarities of music teachers’ playing on different musical instruments. The following questions define the research problem: 1. What is the situation of teachers' instrumental music playing in schools?
2. How does playing of music teachers on various instruments manifest itself in general education schools? Research object: the expression of music teachers’ playing on various musical instruments in general education schools. Research aim: to determine the expression of music teachers’ playing on various musical instruments in general education schools. Research objectives: 1. To reveal the theoretical foundations of instrumental music playing. 2. To analyse the experience of music teachers’ playing on various instruments, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of instrumental music performance in general education schools. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, educational documents, and study programmes, the method of written reflection, content analysis of the reflections. Research participants include 17 music teachers working in various schools in Lithuania. Conclusions: 1. Developing the competences of music teachers is of utmost importance for creating a high-quality education system. The aim of the music subject in general education schools is to create conditions and opportunities for school learners to experience the joy of performing music through various musical activities. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, it can be stated that a school teacher who can play many musical instruments provides opportunities to develop more diverse musical activities for learners. 2. The research data analysis revealed trends in the expression of music teachers’ playing on various instruments. These trends confirmed the relevance of the chosen topic as an opportunity to analyse the teachers’ experience in instrumental music playing more thoroughly, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of such music playing in general education schools. The research showed: Predominantly positive tendencies in teachers’ evaluation of playing different musical instruments. Most modern schools have enough musical instruments available for school learners to learn to play, and instrumental ensembles are organised during music lessons and extracurricular activities. However, challenges arise from the large number of learners in classes and a lack of initiative and motivation among learners. Teachers acknowledged that during their higher education studies they had acquired insufficient knowledge and subject-specific experience in playing various instruments as well as reading and writing music. On the other hand, a more detailed analysis of the topic is necessary to obtain more objective data on the instrumental training of future music teachers.

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Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus University

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Moderniųjų didaktikų katedra / Department of Modern Didactics

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Mokytojų rengimo institutas / Teacher Training Institute

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Muzikos mokytojų grojimo įvairiais muzikos instrumentais raiška bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje

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Expression of music teachers's playing on different instruments in general education schools

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Moderniųjų didaktikų katedra / Department of Modern Didactics

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Bakalauro studijų programa / Bachelor study programme

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Fiksuotojo radijo ryšio sistemos. Tiesioginio ryšio įranga. 18 GHz dažnių juostoje su 55 MHz ir 27,5 MHz kanalų išskirstymu veikiančių radijo ryšio sistemų parametrai STM -1 skaitmeniniams signalams perduoti

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Fiksuotojo radijo ryšio sistemos. Tiesioginio ryšio įranga. 18 GHz dažnių juostoje su 55 MHz ir 27,5 MHz kanalų išskirstymu veikiančių radijo ryšio sistemų parametrai STM -1 skaitmeniniams signalams perduoti

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Fixed Radio Systems;Point-to-point equipment;Parameters for radio systems for the transmission of STM-1 digital signals operating in the 18 GHz frequency band with channel spacing of 55 MHz and 27,5 MHz

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Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM);General Packet Radio Service (GPRS);Service description;Stage 2 (GSM 03.60 version 6.3.2 Release 1997)

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Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM);General Packet Radio Service (GPRS);Service description;Stage 2 (GSM 03.60 version 6.3.2 Release 1997)

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Magistro darbe analizuojama pilietinio ugdymo/nepaklusnumo procesų ir formų raiška besiformuojančioje pilietinėje visuomenėje. Tyrimu siekiama pagrįsti pilietinio nepaklusnumo paradigmą valstybių kovų už nepriklausomybę kontekste, įvertinti jų sąsajas su socioedukaciniais ppilietinės visuomenėskūrimo procesais bei prognozuoti galimas pilietinio nepaklusnumo tendencijas naujų globalinių rizikų fone. Darbe teigiama, kad naujajame pasaulio ekonominės, politinės ir socialinės raidos etape vykstantys neprievartinio pobūdžio konfliktai yra strateginė demokratinės visuomenės bendrųjų vertybių ir interesų gynybos išraiška. Kartu daroma išvada, kad globalizacijos sąlygomis, pakituspasaulio politinei architektūrai visuotinis politinis nepaklusnumas, siejamas su pilietinių laisvių išsaugojimu yra ypatingai aktualus. Socialinės edukacijos požiūriu šiandieninė neprievartinio strateginio konflikto kaip tyrimo objekto analizė galima tik kaip bendra integralių vadybos, politikos ir ekonomikos, psichologijos ir socialinės komunikacijos kompetencijų raiška.

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The aim of the study is the justification of civil disobedience in order to summarize a paradigm of unique historical and current experience of civil disobedience in the world; the struggle for independence in the context of the assessment of their linkages with civil society socioeducational processes and to predict possible trends in civil disobedience to the new global risks in the background. In the new world of economic, political and social development, the natures of nonviolent conflicts within a democratic society are the strategic values and common interests in terms of defense. On the other hand, on the Euro-Atlantic integration condition of the general civil disobedience is linked to the preservation of civil liberties is particularly relevant, and remains a universal response to any threats. In this context of state socioeducational priorities education/disobedience expands civil society and democratic formation opportunities, creates secure not only internal but also external risk management in emergency situations. The method of experts’ survey was used to analyze the problem approaches for comparison, to generate ideas and socioeducational dimension modeling. The expert questionnaire was used to clarify problem areas and practical recommendations. The structured summary of expert responses was created. In conclusion, a social communication helps to build civic networks, also helps citizen to access qualified information while at the same time promotes their civic participation, and targeted performance. Well-organized civil actions help to solve the most challenging society’s problems. Therefore, understanding what is civic education and civil disobedience is necessary for each person. Perhaps the most important civil society’s value is tolerance. It helps people to raise the challenges of life, fosters respect for each member of the public for civil rights. Through social communication public education processes can make much more efficient. That is the mission’s essence of socioeducational social communication that reveals nonviolent opposition to society’s negative processes.

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Civil disobedience and democracy: socioeducational dimension

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LEU - Lietuvos edukologijos universitetas / Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences

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Information technology — Home Electronic System (HES) application model — Part 3-7: GridWise transactive energy systems research, development and deployment roadmap

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Information technology — Home Electronic System (HES) application model — Part 3-7: GridWise transactive energy systems research, development and deployment roadmap

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Textiles — Determination of fineness of flax fibres — Permeametric methods

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Textiles — Determination of fineness of flax fibres — Permeametric methods

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Aerospace series - Passive UHF RFID for airborne use

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Automatinio identifikavimo ir duomenų fiksavimo būdai

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LST (Fiktyvus. Samalavičiui priskirti užsienio technikos komitetai)

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Aerospace series - Passive UHF RFID for airborne use

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Road vehicles -- Trailers up to 3,5 t -- Control of welded towing brackets for coupling ball after fatigue testing

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Lengvieji automobiliai. Priekabiniai nameliai ir lengvosios automobilių priekabos

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Road vehicles -- Trailers up to 3,5 t -- Control of welded towing brackets for coupling ball after fatigue testing

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Magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra nustačius organizacinio įsipareigojimo ir organizacinio cinizmo sąryšius Lietuvos viešojo ir privataus sektorių organizacijose, suformuluoti vadybinius organizacinio įsipareigojimo didinimo, mažinant organizacinį cinizmą, sprendimus. Tyrimo objektas – vadybiniai organizacinio įsipareigojimo didinimo sprendimai, mažinant organizacinį cinizmą. Tyrimo problema keliama klausimu: kokie vadybiniai organizacinio įsipareigojimo didinimo sprendimai mažina organizacinį cinizmą ir kaip juos pritaikyti Lietuvos viešojo ir privataus sektorių organizacijose? Siekiant išsikelto tyrimo tikslo, buvo suformuotos hipotezės. Pagrindinė tyrimo hipotezė: organizacinio cinizmo augimas daro neigiamą įtaką darbuotojų organizaciniam įsipareigojimui. 
Teorinė darbo dalis parengta taikant mokslinės literatūros analizės, sintezės ir palyginimo metodus. Rengiant empirinį tyrimą, taikytas anketinės apklausos metodas. Duomenų analizei naudoti gretinimo, lyginimo, loginio abstrahavimo metodai. Empirinis tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos organizacijose. Tyrime dalyvavo 399 respondentai. Tyrimo metu respondentai atsakinėjo į klausimus, susijusius su jų patirtimi, savijauta darbe ir vertino veiksnius, susijusius su organizacinio cinizmo ir organizacinio įsipareigojimo raiška organizacijose, kuriose jie dirba. Tyrimas atliktas naudojant J. Vveinhardt ir jos vadovaujamos mokslinės grupės sudarytą klausimyną, adaptavus ir integravus mokslininkų, tyrinėjusių organizacinio įsipareigojimo ir organizacinio cinizmo reiškinius, klausimynų modelius. 
Tyrimo rezultatai parodė organizacinio cinizmo daromą neigiamą įtaką organizaciniam įsipareigojimui, patvirtino sąsajas tarp organizacinio įsipareigojimo ir darbuotojų savijautos, darbuotojų amžiaus, patvirtino teigiamą organizacinio cinizmo koreliaciją su organizacijos dydžiu. Projektinėje darbo dalyje suformuoti organizacinio cinizmo mažinimo, organizacinio įsipareigojimo didinimo bei organizacinio įsipareigojimo didinimo, mažinant organizacinį cinizmą, vadybinių sprendimų modeliai. Suformuotame bendrame organizacinio įsipareigojimo didinimo, mažinant organizacinį cinizmą modelyje organizacinį cinizmą rekomenduota mažinti per keturias sritis – lyderystę, struktūrizavimą, komunikaciją ir įgalinimą. Organizacinį įsipareigojimą rekomenduota skatinti per lyderystės, santykių, karjeros ir aplinkos sritis.

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The aim of the final master thesis is by having established the relations between organizational commitment and organizational cynicism in Lithuanian public and private sector organizations, to formulate management solutions for the increase of organizational commitment by decreasing organizational cynicism. Research object – management solutions for the increase of organizational commitment by decreasing organizational cynicism. Research problem is raised with the question: what management solutions for the increase of organizational commitment decrease organizational cynicism and how to adapt them in Lithuanian organizations of public and private sectors? While trying to achieve the research aim being raised, hypotheses were formed. The main hypothesis: growth of organizational cynicism makes negative influence on employees’ organizational commitment.
The theoretical part of the thesis is prepared using the methods of scientific literature analysis, synthesis and comparison. Empirical research was performed by means of a questionnaire survey. Methods of collation, comparison and logical abstraction were used for data analysis. Empirical research was performed in Lithuanian organizations. 399 respondents participated in the research. Respondents answered the questions, related to their experience, feelings at work and assessed factors related to the expression of organizational cynicism and organizational commitment in their organizations. The study was conducted using a questionnaire developed by J. Vveinhardt and her guided scientific group, adapting and integrating the questionnaire models of researchers who studied organizational commitment and organizational cynicism.
The results of the research revealed how organizational cynicism affects organizational commitment negatively, confirmed relations between organizational commitment and employees’ well-being and age, approved positive correlation between organizational cynicism and the size of organization. Management solution models for the decrease of organizational cynicism, increase of organizational commitment and increase of organizational commitment by decreasing organizational cynicism have been formed in the project part of the thesis. In the overall model of increasing organizational commitment by decreasing organizational cynicism, to decrease organizational cynicism is recommended through leadership, structuring, communication, and empowerment. Organizational commitment is recommended to be increased through the areas of leadership, relationships, career, and work environment.

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Vadybos katedra / Departmant of Management

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Ekonomikos ir vadybos fakultetas / Faculty of Economics and Management

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Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus University

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Management solutions for the increase of organizational commitment by decreasing organizational cynicism in Lithuanian organizations

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Vadybos katedra / Departmant of Management

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Strateginis organizacijų valdymas  / Corporate Strategy Management (M)

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Varis ir jo lydiniai. Bendrosios paskirties plokštės, lakštai, juostos ir ritiniai

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Varis ir jo lydiniai. Bendrosios paskirties plokštės, lakštai, juostos ir ritiniai

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Copper and copper alloys - Plate, sheet, strip and circles for general purposes

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Lemuoklis is a morphological analyzer, lemmatizer and tagger for Lithuanian. It assigns its lemma (or several hypothetical lemmas) to each token in a text and performs its morphological analysis. A number, case and person. The program processes over 30,000 tokens per minute on ATX Intel Celeron (433 MHz, 64 MB RAM).
The database of lexical and grammatical infor- mation of the program consists of six lexicons. All lexicons are organized as letter trees with some information on the leaf nodes of the trees. Three of the lexicons store roots of Lithuanian words with the pointers to appropriate morphological rules. Two other lexicons store word forms without any morphological information. The last lexicon contains a list of abbreviations and acronyms.
In Lemuoklis, morphological rules are expressed in the form of digital tables. The tables represent graph structures that define both collections of affixes and collections of grammatical properties. Using morphological rules together with wordroot lexicons enables us to analyse milliards of theoretically available Lithuanian written forms. In case when a surface form is homonymous, i. e. word form is characterized grammatically by a combination of properties with respect to 13 categories: part of speech, aspect, reflexiveness, voice, mood, tense, group, degree, definiteness, gender, it has several grammatical meanings, the programme gives a full grammatical characteristic for each possible homoform of the surface form. The author views grammatical disambiguation of forms as the subject of syntactic analysis which has not been performed so far. However, some methods are used to reduce the ambiguity without taking into account the context. Algorithm of disambiguation between diminutive nouns that have the inflectional ending -yti(s) and the respective verbal infinitive forms are presented. The disambiguation between proper and common nouns is performed using special lexicons that contain proper noun forms from Lithuanian corpora and other sources. Forms with shortened endings are quite common in Lithuanian texts. These forms are recognized in Lemuoklis by means of special lexicons that primarily were designed for the needs of Lithuanian spell-checking. The article gives a lot of examples of various categories of Lithuanian word forms tagged and lemmatized with Lemuoklis.

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Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus University

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Darbai ir dienos / Deeds and Days 2000, nr. 24

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Straipsnis kitoje duomenų bazėje / Article in other database (S4)

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Šiaurės Lietuvos karstinio regiono požeminio vandens cheminės sudėties kaita

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama karstinio proceso samprata, aptariamos karstinio regiono ribos, karstiniai procesai ir reiškiniai Šiaurės Lietuvos karstiniame regione. Apžvelgiamas Lietuvoje vykdomas karsto ir požeminio vandens monitoringas, kokios aplinkosauginės problemos vyrauja šiame regione. Baigiamajame darbe analizuojami Lietuvos Geologijos tarnybos atlikti gruntinio vandens geocheminių 2010 – 2019 metų laikotarpio tyrimų duomenys. Šiems duomenims analizuoti pasirinkta 4D modeliavimo metodika.  Naudojant Surfer programą buvo sukurtos schemos, kuriose atvaizduojama savitojo elekros laidžio, pH, mineralinio azoto junginių (amonio NH4, nitritų (NO2), nitratų NO3), organinių medžiagų (ChDS, chloridų (Cl), sulfatų (SO2)) rodiklių kaita ir pavaizduota jų sklaida 2010 – 2019 metų laikotarpiu. Išnagrinėjus geocheminės analizės tyrimų duomenis ir sukūrus 4D modelius pateikiamos išvados bei pasiūlymai. Sukaupus požeminio vandens monitoringo duomenis buvo nustatyta, kad Šiaurės Lietuvos karstiniame regione yra 7 valstybinio monitoringo gręžiniai ir 61 ūkio subjektų monitoringo gręžiniai. Ūkio subjektai atliekantys požeminio vandens monitoringą yra pripažinti kaip potencialūs požeminio vandens taršos šaltiniai. Naudojantis šių monitoringo gręžinių analičių duomenimis buvo sumodeliuoti 4D požeminio vandens taršos žemėlapiai, kurie parodė, kad Šiaurės Lietuvos karstiniame regione, kad prasčiausios kokybės požeminis vanduo paplitęs šiaurės rytų, rytų ir pietų analizuojamos karstinio regiono teritorijos plotuose, kuriuose vyrauja intensyvi karstinė zona.
Baigiamąjį magistro darbą sudaro 7 dalys: Įvadas, literatūros analizė, tyrimo metodika, tyrimo rezultatai, išvados ir siūlymai, literatūros sąrašas ir priedai.
Darbo apimtis: 98 puslapių teksto be priedų, 71 paveikslas, 1 lentelė, 30 literatūros šaltiniai. 
Raktiniai žodžiai: požeminis vanduo, Šiaurės Lietuvos karstinis regionas, monitoringas, požeminio vandens cheminė sudėtis.

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The final master’s thesis examines the concept of karst processes, the boundaries of the karst
region and karst processes and phenomena in the karst region of Northern Lithuania. Ongoing karst
and groundwater monitoring is analyzed, as well as the prevailing environmental problems in the
region. The final work analyzes the data of groundwater geochemical surveys performed by the
Lithuanian Geological Survey in the period 2010 – 2019. 4D modeling methodology using Surfer
program was chosen to analyze the data. Using the computer program Surfer, schemes with the data
of chemical analyzes such as specific electrical conductivity, pH, mineral nitrogen compounds
(nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates), organic matter (COD, chlorides, sulphates) and their dispersion in the
period 2010-2019 were created. After analyzing the research data of geochemical analysis and
modeling 4D models, conclusions and suggestions of the work are presented.
After collecting the groundwater monitoring data, it was established that there are 7 state
monitoring wells and 61 monitoring wells of economic entities in the karst region of Northern
Lithuania. Groundwater monitoring operators are recognized as potential sources of groundwater
pollution. 4D groundwater pollution maps were modeled using data from these monitoring wells
(SEL, pH, NO3, NO2, NH4, ChDS, SO4, and Cl). The results of groundwater measurements using
the 4D modeling methodology in the karst region of Northern Lithuania, it was found that the worst
quality groundwater is prevalent in the areas of the north-eastern, eastern and southern part of the
analyzed karstic region.
The final master's thesis consists of 7 parts: Introduction, literature analysis, research
methodology, research results, conclusions and suggestions, references and appendices.
Scope of master’s thesis: 98 pages of text without appendixes, 71 figures, 1 table, 30 references.
Keywords: groundwater, karst region of Northern Lithuania, monitoring, chemical composition
of groundwater

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Gamtos mokslų fakultetas / Faculty of Natural Sciences

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Aplinkotyros katedra / Department of Environmental Sciences

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Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus University

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Ekologija ir aplinkotyra / Ecology and environmental sciences (N012)

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Šiaurės Lietuvos karstinio regiono požeminio vandens cheminės sudėties kaita

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Chemical change of ground water in the karst region of Nothern Lithuania

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Aplinkotyros katedra / Department of Environmental Sciences

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Aplinkosaugos organizavimas / Environmental Management (M)

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Ar galima finansų įstaigų civilinė atsakomybė dėl klientų nuostolių, patirtų investuojant investuojant finansinių priemonių rinkose?

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Žmonės visame pasaulyje savo pinigus investuoja į įvairiausias finansines priemones. Pasaulio praktika rodo, kad ne kiekviena investicija būna pelninga, kadangi finansų priemonių kainos nuolat kinta ir investuoti pinigai kartais būna prarandami. Dabartinėse finansų rinkose cirkuliuoja netgi tokių sudėtingų ir rizikingų finansinių priemonių, kad investavęs į jas asmuo ilgainiui gali ne tik prarasti visą investuotą sumą, bet dar ir likti skolingas. Žinoma daug atvejų, kai nuostolius patiria rizikos lygio ir finansinių priemonių sudėtingumo nesupratęs, nepatyręs investuotojas, kuris tokius rizikingus sandorius sudarė finansų maklerio rekomendacijų įtakoje. Todėl kyla natūralus klausimas, ar investuotojas turi teisę į žalos (nuostolių) atlyginimą, jeigu investicinių sprendimų priėmimui įtaką turėjo finansų įstaiga? Šiame darbe patvirtinama iškelta hipotezė, kad finansų įstaigos privalo atlyginti neprofesionalių investuotojų patirtus nuostolius, jeigu jos turėjo tiesioginę įtaką nuostolingų finansinių priemonių įsigijimui, patvirtinta. Neprofesionaliems investuotojams teikiamas investicines paslaugas reglamentuoja Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos administraciniai teisės aktai. Šių paslaugų teikimo atitikimą teisės aktų reiklavimams prižiūri Vertybinių popierių komisija, tačiau ši institucija nenagrinėja investuotojams padarytos žalos atlyginimo. Teisės aktai numato, kad finansų įstaigos privalo prieš teikiant investicines paslaugas surinkti visą informaciją apie kliento finansinę padėtį, žinias ir patirtį investavimo srityje. Finansų įstaigos klientams privalo atskleisti visą su investicinių paslaugų teikimu susijusią informaciją. Atsižvelgiant į apie klientą surinktą informaciją, finansų įstaigos privalo siūlyti tik tam klientui tinkamas finansines priemones. Šių reikalavimų nesilaikymas pažeidžia specialiuosius teisės aktus, kuriais siekiama investuotojų interesų apsaugos. Siekdami žalos atlyginimo, investuotojai gali reikšti civilinį ieškinį tiesiogiai remdamiesi Finansinių priemonių rinkų įstatymo nuostatomis ir reikalauti nuostolių atlyginimo būtent dėl šio įstatymo ir/ar poįstatyminių aktų pažeidimo.

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People all over the world have been investing money into different kinds of securities for few hundred years and the diversity of securities of nowadays is extremely wide. Not every investment is profitable because it depends on a substantial number of factors that sometimes makes your money gone. Financial markets provides variety of securities that might be measured by different risk and yield. Non-proffesional (retail) investors sometimes suffer extremely big losses in financial markets because they tend to implicitly rely on their broker-dealer recommendations. This thesis is meant to find an answer if financial institutions hold civil liability in the case when their customers are financially harmed by such kind of securities investments that were done under influence or control of their broker dealers. The solution is aggravated by ordinarily contractual provisions stating that customer bears all the risk due to market falldowns, financial crisis, etc. This problem has never been broader explored in Lithuania by academic research and there is no case law yet. This thesis is likely to be the first attempt to analise the probability of civil liability of financial institutions due to their retail client losses. The proposed hypothesis tells that financial institution must reimburse the loss to retail customers if the investment decision was under influence of financial institution. It is supported under relying analysis and conclusions. The first part of this thesis intends to familiarize the reader with concepts of financial markets and types of investments. It distinguishes the scope of practice of financial intermediaries according to the service rendered for retail investors. The research concluded that investment services in Lithuania might be rendered only by licensed broker – dealer firms, financial advisory firms and banks. The three main types of services are: order management, investment recommendations and portfolio management. The retail customers are able to buy all kinds of securities with assistance of these intermediaries. The second part identifies the legal acts that are regulating the financial markets and the relationship between clients and investment services. The most significant law is the Market in Financial Instruments Directive (hereinafter MiFID), the goal of which is to build a single market for European investors and traders and to ensure high investor protection levels, especially for retail customers. It was implied in Lithuania in 2007 by adopting the Law on Markets in Financial Instruments (hereinafter FPRĮ) and several lower enactments which resulted in detalizing the obligations of financial institutions when rendering services to retail investors. Third part of thesis is focused on comprehensive analysis of the securities market authority - the Securities Commission of the Republic of Lithuania (hereinafter – VPK), whose goal is to guarantee effective functioning of the securities market and investor protection. VPK has the right of policy making. By pursuing its goals VPK monitors the observance of special laws by financial institutions and other marketers. VPK has the right to examine the infringement cases after identifying the violation of securities law. In hearing such cases VPK usually establishes the actions that are held as illegal, and the level of guilt. Although it has a right to impose sanctions, VPK has no power of imposing compensation to investors, therefore individual claims for damages and civil liability are left for the civil courts. But there’s an important factor to mention that the essential facts of VPK decisions has a prima facie power and are likely to determine the result in the civil case. VPK decisions might be appealed for the administrative court and latter’s decision is considered to become a prejudicial fact in sense of upcoming civil case which means that the facts which were determined in administrative court can no longer be argued. The fourth part identifies principal reasons of retail investor losses that appears to be a result of financial institution’s fault and that might call for civil liability. Analysis of statistics enabled the author to determine two main problems of broker-dealer actions that might result in damages of retail customers. Those are the unsuitability of securities and wrong information (misrepresentation, omission of facts, etc.). Investigation of previous mentioned statutes revealed that financial institutions are obliged to collect vast load of information regarding every customer’s financial status, investment objectives, financial sophistication and experience, and general personal circumstances. According to this information broker dealer must properly select the securities that are appropriate to particular investor. The statutes also imply an obligation for financial institutions to reveal all relevant information that might effect their client’s investment decisions. In likelihood of conflicts of interests financial institutions must disclose all the circumstances of potential risks and further services are forbidden without the written consent of the client. The infringement of mentioned statute-based obligations is likely to be considered as breach of duty in sense of civil liability. The final part of the thesis contains two segments. The first one is a study of different obligatory duties of financial institutions due to the type of contract and then it explores the chain of causation by analising elements of civil liability. Previously mentioned supervisory statutes have a significant influence to private law, because the EU legislation and local implementing acts are of higher importance with regard to the Civil Code. As the Civil Code of Lithuania does not include an exact determination of investment services contracts, it means that every type of investment services is regulated by different norms. The analysis of different services displays that portfolio managers and their relationship with clients should be considered as one of a trust and a trustee. The order managing service is likely to be considered as agency. Agency relationship is usually established under Investment recommendations contract as well, because it’s rarely rendered without extra services such as order management. As statute-based obligations have direct effect in examining the civil case, infringement of statute-based obligations is considered as breach of duty. The broker-dealers are bound by professional civil liability as well. Relying on this analysis the proposed hypothesis, which tells that financial institution must reimburse the loss to retail customers if the investment decision was under influence of financial institution, is supported.

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Ar galima finansų įstaigų civilinė atsakomybė dėl klientų nuostolių, patirtų investuojant investuojant finansinių priemonių rinkose?

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Civil liability of broker dealers regarding their client’s investment losses. Is it possible?

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VDU - Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas / Vytautas Magnus University

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Higroterminės statinių charakteristikos. Klimatinių duomenų apskaičiavimas ir pateikimas. 5 dalis. Patalpų apšildymui reikalingos šilumos apkrovos projektavimo duomenys. 1 keitinys (ISO 15927-5:2004/Amd.1:2011)

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CEN/TC 89 Šiluminės pastatų ir jų komponentų charakteristikos

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Higroterminės statinių charakteristikos. Klimatinių duomenų apskaičiavimas ir pateikimas. 5 dalis. Patalpų apšildymui reikalingos šilumos apkrovos projektavimo duomenys. 1 keitinys (ISO 15927-5:2004/Amd.1:2011)

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Hygrothermal performance of buildings - Calculation and presentation of climatic data - Part 5: Data for design heat load for space heating - Amendment 1 (ISO 15927-5:2004/Amd 1:2011)

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Personalizuotos reklamos poveikis vartotojų elgsenai Pigu.lt pavyzdžiu

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Tyrimo objektas – vartotojų elgsena.
Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti personalizuotos reklamos daromą poveikį vartotojo elgsenai. Tyrimo metodai. Tyrime buvo naudojami mokslinės literatūros analizės metodas ir kiekybinio tyrimo – anketinės apklausos – metodas.
Tyrimo logika - Teorinėje dalyje, remiantis Lietuvos ir užsienio šaltiniais aprašoma personalizuotos reklamos samprata bei jos procesas. Taip pat apžvelgiama, kaip yra kuriamas personalizuotas pasiūlymas bei nagrinėjamas personalizuotos reklamos poveikis vartotojų elgsenai. Analitinėje darbo dalyje, pirmiausiai pateikiama kiekybinio tyrimo metodologija ir pristatoma tyrimui atlikti pasirinktos organizacijos bendra informacija. Tuo pačiu pristatoma kokybinio ir kiekybinio tyrimų rezultatai, apibendrinimai, išvados ir rekomendacijos.

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Research objective – the impact of personalized advertising on consumer behavior.
Research aim – to determine the impact of personalized advertising on consumer behavior.
Research methods – the theoretical part analyzes on the scientific literature, articles related
to the impact of advertising on consumer behavior. The method of quantitative research -questinnaire
survey – was used for the research.
Research logic - The first chapter analyzes the theoretical part based on Lithuanian and
foreign sources, describes the concept of personalized advertising and its process. It also reviews how
a personalized offer is developed and examines the impact of personalized advertising on consumer
behavior. In the analytical part of the work, first of all, the methodology of quantitative research is
presented and the general information of the organization selected for the research is presented. At
the same time, the results, summaries, conclusions and recommendations of quantitative research are
presented.
Research conclusions – The results of the study show that personalized advertisements that
advertise relevant products to customers have the greatest impact. The most noticeable ant positively
rated advertisements are those that are useful to consumers and meet their needs, such advertisements
can influence the consumer’s decision to buy. The most effective of these ads are found on social
networks.

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Ekonomikos ir vadybos fakultetas / Faculty of Economics and Management

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Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus University

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Marketingo katedra / Department of Marketing

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Personalizuotos reklamos poveikis vartotojų elgsenai Pigu.lt pavyzdžiu

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The impact of personalized advertising on consumer behavior in the example of Pigu.lt

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Marketingo katedra / Department of Marketing

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[Prof. A. Stancevičius - apdovanotas Didžiojo Lietuvos kunigaikščio Gedimino 5-ojo laipsnio ordinu]

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[Prof. A. Stancevičius - apdovanotas Didžiojo Lietuvos kunigaikščio Gedimino 5-ojo laipsnio ordinu]

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Sodo įranga. Pėsčiojo valdomi vejų aeratoriai ir skarifikatoriai. Sauga

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CEN/TC 144 Žemės ir miškų ūkio traktoriai ir mašinos

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Sodo įranga. Pėsčiojo valdomi vejų aeratoriai ir skarifikatoriai. Sauga

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Garden equipment - Pedestrian controlled lawn aerators and scarifiers - Safety

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Binders for paints and varnishes -- Alkyd resins Determination of fatty acid content

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LST (Fiktyvus. Samalavičiui priskirti užsienio technikos komitetai)

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Binders for paints and varnishes -- Alkyd resins Determination of fatty acid content